Chapter #13 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. Give the name of the element for each atomic symbol.(a) Pb(b) Sn(c) Hg(d) Ag(e) Si Get solution

2. Give the atomic symbol for each of the following elements.(a) potassium(b) sodium(c) phosphorus(d) aluminum(e) fluorine Get solution

3. Give the symbols and names of the elements whose symbols consist of only one letter. Get solution

4. Name five elements whose symbols appear to be unrelated to the names we use for the elements. Get solution

5. Give the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons for these environmentally important elements: (a) fluorine-19; (b) sulfur-32; (c) arsenic-75; (d) strontium-88; (e) mercury-201. Get solution

6. Determine the nuclear structure of the following isotopes: (a) ...; (b) ...; (c) .... Get solution

7. The abundances of the isotopes of magnesium (based on the mass of 12C as 12.00000) are as follows:...Determine the atomic mass of magnesium. Get solution

8. When Mt. St. Helens erupted in 1980, a considerable amount of a radioactive element was produced. The atomic number of the element is 86. What are the name, symbol, and atomic mass of this element? Get solution

9. Give the mass of an atom with(a) 49 protons, 49 electrons, 64 neutrons.(b) 31 protons, 31 electrons, 38 neutrons.(c) 91 protons, 91 electrons, 140 neutrons. Get solution

10. Determine the number of neutrons in each of the following.(a) a nitrogen atom of mass number 13(b) a potassium atom of mass number 41(c) a lead atom of mass number 207 Get solution

11. Where in the atom are these particles located?(a) protons(b) electrons(c) neutrons Get solution

12. How many nucleons are there in each of the following?(a) 40Ca(b) 56Fe(c) zinc-65(d) iodine-127 Get solution

13. Which of the following atoms are isotopes of each other?(a) ...(b) ...(c) ... Get solution

14. Do the symbols ... and ... have the same meaning? Explain. Get solution

15. Cobalt-60 is used in radiation therapy for certain cancers. How many(a) protons are in its nucleus?(b) neutrons are in its nucleus?(c) electrons are in a cobalt atom? Get solution

16. In what way do the isotopes copper-63 and copper-65 differ from each other? Get solution

17. Are there any atoms that have no neutrons? Explain. Get solution

18. Arrange the following in order of increasing mass.(a) 2 Na atoms(b) 3 Mg atoms(c) a K atom Get solution

19. Name the elements associated with the following electron configurations.(a) 1s22s2(b) [Ne] 3s1(c) [Ar] 4s23d7(d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5(e) [Kr] 5s24d105p2 Get solution

20. What experimental evidence is there for the idea that electronic spin is “quantized” in two possible directions? Get solution

21. In the energy level n = 3,(a) how many orbitals are possible?(b) what is the electron capacity of this level? Get solution

22. Write the electron configurations for (a) 5B; (b) 9F; (c) 21Sc; (d) 33As; (e) 56Ba. Get solution

23. The highest-energy electron of a chlorine atom is designated 3p5. (a) Explain why. (b) Deduce from this notation the values of the four quantum numbers (n, l, m, s). Get solution

24. (a) Construct an “electron-in-the-box” energy-level diagram for phosphorus, 15P. (b) What principle dictates the arrangement of the outermost electrons? Get solution

25. Relate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to the idea of an electron orbital. Get solution

26. Explain why the following is not a possible set of quantum numbers for an electron in an atom: n = 2, l = 2, m = 0. Get solution

27. How many electrons in an atom can have the following sets of quantum numbers?(a) n = 2(b) n = 2, l = 0(c) n = 2, l = 0, m = 0 Get solution

28. Emission spectra can be used to confirm the presence of an element in a material. How is this possible? Get solution

29. On the basis of one property that you select, discuss the meaning of the term “periodic” in the expression “periodic table.” Get solution

30. Experiments are under way to synthesize element 114. In which group of the periodic table would you expect it to be located? Get solution

31. Sodium initiates the third period, and argon closes it. What feature of atomic structure do the elements in this period share? Get solution

32. What similarity in electronic arrangement is shared by the members of the nitrogen family? Get solution

33. Which of the following elements have fairly similar properties: Ne, Sr, Kr, Br, Rb, Ca, He, Cl, F, Li, K? Get solution

34. Why does the periodic table work? Get solution

35. Multiple ChoiceA. When the electron of a hydrogen atom is in the energy level n = 2, we say that(a) it emits light.(b) it is in the ground state.(c) it is in an excited state.(d) it ionizes the atom.B. The atomic number of gold is 79 and the mass number of one of its isotopes is 197. The number of neutrons is(a) 79.(b) 197.(c) 118.(d) 158.C. Elements in the same group in the periodic table(a) have similar chemical properties.(b) are called isotopes.(c) have consecutive atomic numbers.(d) make up a period of elements.D. The principle that a maximum of two electrons is allowed in any orbital is known as(a) Bohr’s Aufbau principle.(b) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.(c) Hund’s rule.(d) the Pauli exclusion principle.E. The total electron capacity of the energy level n = 4 is(a) 8.(b) 16.(c) 18.(d) 32.F. All of the following are located in the nucleus of atoms, except(a) protons.(b) electrons.(c) neutrons.(d) nucleons.G. An element has eight protons and seven neutrons. The element is(a) phosphorus.(b) nitrogen.(c) oxygen.(d) chlorine.H. Neutral atoms of 117Sn and 119Sn differ in(a) the number of protons in the nucleus.(b) the number of neutrons in the nucleus.(c) their atomic numbers.(d) the number of extranuclear electrons.I. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.1. We can conclude that(a) an atom of potassium has a mass of 39.1 g.(b) potassium is a mixture of different masses, the average of which is 39.1 u.(c) every atom of potassium has a mass of 39.1 u.(d) potassium is an isotope of 39Y.J. Experimental support for the arrangement of electrons in distinct energy levels is based primarily on(a) scattering experiments.(b) the photoelectric effect.(c) atomic spectra.(d) radioactivity. Get solution