Chapter #7 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. Determine the equivalent of 0°F on (a) the Celsius scale, (b) the Kelvin scale. Get solution

2. Express the following temperatures in °F: (a) − 40.0°C; (b) 218 K; (c) 6000°C; (d) 360°C. Get solution

3. The material that has the lowest temperature most of us are likely to encounter is dry ice, − 79.0°C. What would its temperature be on the Fahrenheit scale? Get solution

4. (a) What is the difference between 70.0°F and 70.0°C in Celsius degrees? (b) In Fahrenheit degrees? Get solution

5. Liquid oxygen rocket propellant is kept at its boiling point of 90.0 K. What would the temperature be on the Fahrenheit scale? Get solution

6. When a thermometer is placed in a beaker of hot water, the mercury level drops, then rises. Explain why. Get solution

7. Room temperature is often identified as 68.0°F. What temperature is this on (a) the Celsius scale; (b) the Kelvin scale? Get solution

8. Can you think of any advantage to using the Celsius scale over the Fahrenheit scale? Get solution

9. Explain the meaning of the absolute zero of temperature. Get solution

10. Why are high temperatures resulting from thermal pollution often fatal to fish? Get solution

11. What is the basis for the belief that matter is made up of small particles in motion? Get solution

12. How is the concept of temperature interpreted by the kinetic theory? Get solution

13. How is the concept of gas pressure interpreted by the kinetic theory? Get solution

14. The gas pressure on a piston is 7.50 × 104 newtons per square meter. If the area is 2.00 × 10−3 square meters, what force does the gas exert? Get solution

15. A smoke particle undergoing Brownian motion in air has a mass of 2.00 × 10−5 kg.(a) What is its average velocity if the temperature is 300 K?(b) What is its average kinetic energy? Get solution

16. Distinguish between the temperature and the thermal energy of a cup of hot coffee. Get solution

17. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 10.0 kilograms of aluminum by 80.0°C? Get solution

18. A hot water bottle containing 1 kilogram of water cools from 70.0°C to 20.0°C. How much heat was given off by the water? Get solution

19. A kilogram of copper gains 1 kilocalorie of heat. By how many degrees is the temperature of the copper changed? Get solution

20. If 500 kilograms of water at 200°F is poured into a lake that is at 50.0°F, how much heat is added to the lake? Get solution

21. To make iced coffee, 1.00 kilogram of ice at 0°C is added to 2.00 kilograms of coffee at 95.0°C. Assuming that the specific heat of coffee is the same as that of water, what is the temperature of the mixture? Get solution

22. A 65-kilogram woman is on a 2500-kcal/day diet. If a corresponding amount of heat were added to 65 kilograms of water at 37.0°C, to what temperature would the water be raised? Get solution

23. Why does the temperature of boiling water remain the same as long as the boiling continues? Get solution

24. How much more heat is required to vaporize 100 grams of water than to melt 100 grams of ice? Get solution

25. Explain why evaporation is a cooling process. Get solution

26. Explain why water condenses on the inside of a window on a cold day. Get solution

27. In a steam heating system, water leaves a radiator at the same temperature as steam entered, 100°C. How is the room heated? Get solution

28. What characteristic of water makes it useful as an automobile engine coolant? Get solution

29. How much heat does 50.0 grams of steam at 125°C release in the process of condensing to water at 100°C? Get solution

30. Why is an ice cube at 0°C more effective in cooling a drink than the same quantity of water at 0°C? Get solution

31. A 20.0-gram ice cube at 0°C melts, and the temperature of the water rises to 25.0°C. How much heat is involved? Get solution

32. Explain why perspiration occurs when the body is hot, but produces a cooling effect. Get solution

33. Do all liquids expand with an increase in temperature? Explain. Get solution

34. What water temperature would you expect to find near the bottom of an ice-covered lake? Get solution

35. What is the seasonal variation in the height of a 300-foot steel-frame building if the temperature range is − 20.0° to 95.0°F? Get solution

36. Explain why metal lids to glass fruit jars can often be loosened by heating them under hot water. Get solution

37. When you fill your gasoline tank and then leave the car in a hot parking lot, some of the gasoline may overflow. Explain. Get solution

38. When the pressure on water is increased, will its boiling point be higher or lower than 100°C? Get solution

39. Why might an astronaut’s blood boil if he left his capsule without his pressurized spacesuit? Get solution

40. Why is it possible to make a snowball? Get solution

41. Why does an oak floor feel colder to the bare foot than a rug at the same temperature? Get solution

42. If a house is insulated to reduce heat loss in winter, how comfortable will it be in summer? Get solution

43. Why are thermopane windows, which have double panes of glass separated by a small air space, better for insulation than single-pane windows? Get solution

44. A fireplace is only about 10% efficient in heating a room. Why? Get solution

45. Why does it cool more quickly at night when the sky is clear than when it is cloudy? Get solution

46. Multiple ChoiceA. Temperature is a measure of(a) the amount of heat in a body.(b) the average total energy of molecules.(c) the average kinetic energy of molecules.(d) all of these.B. As water freezes, its temperature(a) increases.(b) decreases.(c) first increases, then decreases.(d) does not change.C. The motion of small particles due to collisions with molecules in a fluid is called(a) evaporation.(b) sublimation.(c) Brownian motion.(d) pressure.D. The lowest possible temperature is(a) unknown.(b) absolute zero.(c) infinitely low.(d) 273 K.E. If the temperature of a gas is increased, its volume is(a) reduced by half.(b) reduced by one fourth.(c) doubled.(d) increased.F. Heat is(a) a fluid called caloric.(b) the average kinetic energy of molecules.(c) a nonmaterial substance.(d) a transfer of energy because of a difference in temperature.G. When 1 kg of ice at 0°C absorbs 80 kilocalories of heat, the ice undergoes(a) a change of state.(b) a loss of energy.(c) a rise in temperature.(d) an increase in volume.H. We obtain energy from the sun by(a) conduction.(b) convection.(c) radiation.(d) molecular travel.I. Forced air home heating is an example of heat transfer primarily by(a) conduction.(b) convection.(c) radiation.(d) none of these.J. A solid-gas phase change is called(a) melting.(b) boiling.(c) sublimation.(d) evaporation. Get solution


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