Chapter #18 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. What characteristics of carbon make possible the formation of the great number of organic compounds? Get solution

2. Why are molecular formulas alone inadequate to represent organic compounds? Illustrate with an example. Get solution

3. Contrast the physical properties of the ionic compound table salt, sodium chloride, with those of the hydrocarbon naphthalene (C10H8), moth flakes. Get solution

4. Which of the following are organic compounds(a) C3H8(b) NaBr(c) C2Cl6(d) KMnO4(e) C6H12O6 Get solution

5. A compound has a melting point of 84°C, is insoluble in water, and burns. Is it likely to be an organic or an inorganic compound? Get solution

6. Which compound probably has the higher melting point, NaOH or CH3CH2OH? Get solution

7. What does the term “hybrid orbital” mean? Get solution

8. Show the overlap of orbitals in CH3Cl. Get solution

9. Supply the missing hydrogens in this structural formula:... Get solution

10. Identify the 1°, 2°, and 3° carbons in the formula given in Exercise 18–9. Get solution

11. Draw the structures of the smallest alkanes that are structural isomers. Get solution

12. Why are molecular formulas alone inadequate to represent organic compounds? Illustrate with an example. Get solution

13. (a) What is meant by a chiral carbon? (b) What unique property does it have? Get solution

14. Draw the structures of all the pentane isomers and name them. Get solution

15. Draw and label the cis- and trans-isomers of 2-butene. Get solution

16. What is meant by a homologous series of compounds? Get solution

17. Write structural formulas for an example of each of the following.(a) alkene(b) alcohol(c) ether(d) ester(e) aldehyde Get solution

18. Identify the functional groups present in each of the following compounds.(a) ...(b) C2H5—O—C2H5(c) ...(d) ...(e) ... Get solution

19. Write condensed structural formulas for the following compounds.(a) acetylene(b) di-n-propyl ether(c) 2,2-dimethyl-3-chlorobutane(d) bromobenzene(e) methyl acetate Get solution

20. Why is methyl alcohol not used as a solvent for medicines to be taken internally? Get solution

21. Define and illustrate the following terms.(a) functional group(b) delocalization energy(c) unsaturation(d) aromaticity(e) geometrical isomerism Get solution

22. What is denatured alcohol? Get solution

23. Write the structural formula and name for the simplest (a) alkene, (b) alkyne, (c) aromatic hydrocarbon. Get solution

24. State what is wrong with each of the following names.(a) 4-methylpentane(b) 2-dimethylbutane(c) 2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylpentane(d) 2,3-methylhexane Get solution

25. Name each of the following compounds by the IUPAC system.(a) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3(b) ...(c) ...(d) ... Get solution

26. Explain the statement that the octane number of a gasoline is 94. Get solution

27. Why has the structure of benzene been a problem to scientists? Get solution

28. How do (a) benzene and (b) ethylene differ in their reactions with bromine? Get solution

29. Discuss the main source of the man-made atmospheric pollutants, the hydrocarbons, and the prospects for minimizing them. Get solution

30. Discuss the role of π bonding in benzene. Get solution

31. Write the structural formula for the principal reaction product when benzene reacts with HBr. Get solution

32. Which hybrid orbitals are involved in a ... double bond? Get solution

33. Draw the two resonance forms of benzene. Is the real benzene represented by either of them? Explain. Get solution

34. Write the structural formulas of the following groups.(a) methyl(b) ethyl(c) isopropyl(d) t-butyl Get solution

35. Multiple ChoiceA. Which is an isomer of 2-methylbutane?(a) propane(b) pentane(c) 2-methylpropane(d) 2-methylpentaneB. The type of hybridization present in CH4 is(a) sp.(b) sp2.(c) sp3.(d) p-p.C. A functional group is(a) one of the vertical columns in the periodic table.(b) a horizontal row in the periodic table.(c) exemplified by R in ROH.(d) exemplified by OH in ROH.D. A double bond between two carbon atoms consists of(a) two sigma bonds.(b) two pi bonds.(c) one sigma and one pi bond.(d) sp hybridized carbon atoms.E. Polyethylene is an example of(a) a monomer.(b) an addition polymer.(c) a radical.(d) a rubber.F. The normal alkane that contains seven carbon atoms is called(a) pentane.(b) septane.(c) hexane.(d) heptane.G. The reaction CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl is an example of(a) a substitution reaction.(b) an addition reaction.(c) a polymerization reaction.(d) a neutralization reaction.H. Which of the following hydrocarbons would most likely be a component of gasoline?(a) C2H6(b) C7H16(c) C12H36(d) C17H34I. Gasoline that has the same knocking tendency as a mixture of 60% n-heptane and 40% isooctane has an octane number of(a) 20.(b) 40.(c) 60.(d) 100.J. Hydrocarbons that contain a double bond are called(a) saturated.(b) alkanes.(c) alkenes.(d) alkynes. Get solution