Chapter #3 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. A man walks 3.00 mi due east, then turns and walks 2.00 mi due north. How far is he from the starting point? Get solution

2. A plane is climbing with a velocity of 150 m/s at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity. Get solution

3. A ship sails 75.0 mi due east, then sails in a direction 30° east of south for 60.0 mi, and finally heads due south for 40.0 mi. (a) How far has the ship traveled? (b) How far is it from its starting point? Get solution

4. A hurricane is drifting at a velocity of 16.0 mi/h in a direction 40° east of north. How fast is it moving in the (a) northerly and (b) easterly directions? Get solution

5. An airplane travels with a velocity of 200 mi/h in a direction 30° west of north for 1.50 h. How far north and how far west is it from its starting point? Get solution

6. A submarine is diving at an angle of 30.0° with the surface of the ocean. If its velocity is 5.00 m/s, find (a) the component of velocity toward the bottom; (b) the component of velocity along the surface. Get solution

7. A driver travels 250 mi from New York to Washington in 5.25 h. What is his average speed in miles per hour? Get solution

8. A supersonic transport plane is traveling at a speed of 1200 mi/h. How far does it travel in 1.00 min? Get solution

9. An earth satellite travels 2000 km in 5.00 min. How far does the satellite travel in 24 h? Get solution

10. A car traveling at 40.0 mi/h skids to rest in 5.00 s. (a) What is its average speed during the stopping process? (b) How far does it go during the stopping process? Get solution

11. (a) How long does it take sunlight to reach the earth? (The sun is 9.30 × 107 mi away; the velocity of light is 186,000 mi/s.) (b) Moonlight? (The moon is 2.40 × 105 mi from the earth.) Get solution

12. From a physiological point of view, differentiate between constant velocity and acceleration as experienced in an elevator ride. Get solution

13. An automobile has a constant speed of 15.0 mi/h. Is it possible for it to have an acceleration at the same time? Explain. Get solution

14. An automobile traveling at 22.0 ft/s accelerates at a constant acceleration of 4.0 ft/s2 for 15.0 s. Determine its velocity at the end of this time. Get solution

15. Starting from rest, how long must a car accelerate at 5.00 ft/s2 to reach a speed of 30.0 mi/h? (Note: A useful conversion factor is 60.0 mi/h = 88.0 ft/s.) Get solution

16. A truck traveling with an initial speed of 33.0 ft/s accelerates uniformly until it reaches a speed of 77.0 ft/s. If the acceleration is 4.00 ft/s2, how much time is required for the truck to reach its final speed? Get solution

17. Starting from rest, an electron is accelerated in a machine to a velocity of 104 m/s in 0.010 s. (a) What is the acceleration? (b) How far does the electron travel in this time? Get solution

18. A motorcycle produces an acceleration of 7.50 m/s2. How fast will it be going after accelerating from rest for 3.50 s? Get solution

19. The world’s land speed record was held until recently by Colonel John P. Stapp, USAF. He rode a rocket-propelled sled that moved down the track at 632 mi/h. He and the sled were brought to rest in 1.4 s. Determine (a) the deceleration he experienced and (b) the distance he traveled during this deceleration. Get solution

20. Stalling from rest, a high-jumper moves with a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2 for a 5−s run. What is her speed at the end of the run? Get solution

21. Will a golf ball and a sheet of paper dropped from a bridge simultaneously strike the water at the same time? Explain. Get solution

22. What is the speed of a freely falling ball 3.00 s after it is released from rest? Get solution

23. A rock is thrown horizontally with a velocity of 20.0 m/s from a bridge 30.0 m high, (a) How long will the rock be in the air? (b) How far from the bridge will it land? Get solution

24. A ball is dropped out of the window of a moving car. Does it take longer to reach the ground than one dropped from a car at rest? Explain. Get solution

25. Compare Aristotle’s and Galileo’s ideas of motion. Get solution

26. Contrast the vertical and horizontal components of the motion of a thrown football. Get solution

27. Discuss the features of Galileo’s method of dealing with the problem of motion that are relevant to science today. Get solution

28. Using examples from kinematics, justify the scientist’s insistence on precision in terminology. Get solution

29. Discuss Aristotle’s arguments against the existence of a vacuum. Get solution

30. Explain how Galileo’s approach to physics represented an improvement over previous approaches. Get solution

31. Multiple ChoiceA. Which one of the following is not a vector?(a) displacement(b) speed(c) velocity(d) accelerationB. Acceleration is the rate of change of(a) displacement.(b) position.(c) velocity.(d) time.C. Acceleration can be expressed by(a) m/s.(b) m2/s.(c) m/s2.(d) m2/s2.D. If you cover 3000 mi in 5.00 days on a cross-country trip, 30.0 mi/h could represent the(a) instantaneous speed.(b) average speed.(c) velocity.(d) acceleration.E. According to Galileo.(a) rest is the natural state of an object.(b) accelerated motion is the natural state of an object.(c) if not acted on by a force, a body continues in motion in a straight line.(d) heavy objects fall faster than light objects.F. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?(a) displacement(b) time(c) velocity(d) accelerationG. When a moving object is brought to rest,(a) the average speed is zero.(b) the final speed is zero.(c) the speed is constant.(d) the acceleration is positive.H. Adding a displacement vector to another displacement vector results in which one of the following?(a) a velocity(b) an acceleration(c) another displacement(d) a scalarI. Two objects of different masses are released simultaneously from the top of a 25.0-m tower and fall to the ground. If air resistance is negligible, which one of the following statements applies?(a) The greater mass hits the ground first.(b) Both objects hit the ground together.(c) The smaller mass hits the ground first.(d) No conclusion can be made with the information given.J. In addition to magnitude, a vector quantity has(a) length.(b) time.(c) position.(d) direction. Get solution