Chapter #15 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. What is the difference between an atom and an ion? Get solution

2. Give the symbol and oxidation number for each of the following ions.(a) aluminum ion(b) silver ion(c) oxide ion(d) copper(II) ion(e) ferric ion Get solution

3. What is a polyatomic ion? Get solution

4. Give the formula and charge for each of the following polyatomic ions.(a) sulfate ion(b) chlorite ion(c) phosphate ion(d) nitrite ion(e) hydroxide ion Get solution

5. What does a chemical formula represent? Get solution

6. How does the principle of electroneutrality apply to a chemical formula? Get solution

7. Write the formulas of the following binary ionic compounds.(a) calcium oxide(b) potassium iodide(c) zinc chloride(d) aluminum sulfide(e) sodium phosphide Get solution

8. Write the formulas of the following binary ionic compounds.(a) copper(I) oxide(b) lead(II) chloride(c) tin(II) fluorided) iron(III) sulfide(e) nickel(II) bromide Get solution

9. Write the formulas of the following compounds.(a) stannic fluoride(b) cuprous oxide(c) ferrous sulfide(d) plumbic iodide(e) cobaltous phosphide Get solution

10. Write the formulas of the following ternary ionic compounds.(a) barium sulfate(b) lead(IV) chromate(c) stannic carbonate(d) ferrous nitrate(e) tin(II) acetate Get solution

11. Give the traditional name (using -ous or -ic to indicate the charge of the cat ion) of each of the following binary ionic compounds.(a) Fe2S3(b) HgCl2(c) SnI4(d) CuBr2(e) PbO Get solution

12. Give the Stock name (using a Roman numeral to specify the charge of the cation) for each of the following binary ionic compounds.(a) PbI4(b) SnO(c) CuS(d) Fe2S3(e) AuCl3 Get solution

13. Name each of the following ternary ionic compounds, giving both the traditional and the Stock names.(a) FePO4(b) CuSO4(c) Sn(NO2)2(d) Pb(CrO4)2(e) Au(ClO)3 Get solution

14. Determine the molar mass of C7H5N3O6 (TNT). Get solution

15. What is the percent composition of cholesterol, C22H45OH? Get solution

16. An insecticide, parathion, has the formula C2H14PNSO5. What is its percent composition? Get solution

17. Determine the percentage of iodine in thyroxine, C14H11O4NI4, a compound produced in the th yroid gland. Get solution

18. Tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4, was widely used as an additive in gasoline to increase the octane rating. Determine the percentage of lead present. Get solution

19. Which of the following compounds contains the highest percentage of nitrogen?(a) KNO3(b) NCl3(c) CO(NH2)2(d) Fe(CN)2 Get solution

20. What does the mole have in common with the pair or the dozen? Get solution

21. (a) Why isn’t the dozen used for counting atoms?(b) Why isn’t the mole used for counting eggs? Get solution

22. What is the mass of one atom of platinum? Get solution

23. How many atoms are present in 1 kilogram of silver? Get solution

24. What is the mass of one molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11? Get solution

25. How many grams of vitamin C, C6H8O6, are there in 0.731 mol of vitamin C? Get solution

26. What is the mass in grams of a molecule of hemoglobin if the molar mass is about 68,000? Get solution

27. What information about a new compound must be known before its formula can be determined? Get solution

28. What does the empirical formula of a compound represent? Get solution

29. Give the empirical formula of each of the following compounds.(a) C4H10(b) N2O4(c) B2H6(d) Na2S2O4(e) K2Cr2O7 Get solution

30. The empirical formula of dextrose is CH2O, and the molar mass is 180. What is the molecular formula of dextrose? Get solution

31. The empirical formula of butane is C2H5. If the molar mass of butane is 58, what is its molecular formula? Get solution

32. Ethyl alcohol shows the following analysis: 52.2% C, 13.0% H, 34.8% O. What is its molecular formula if it has a molar mass of 46? Get solution

33. Urea shows the analysis 20.0% C, 6.7% H, 46.7% N, 26.6% O. What is its empirical formula? Get solution

34. What is the molecular formula of aspirin if its molar mass is 180.2 and analysis shows 60.0% C, 4.48% H, and 35.5% O? Get solution

35. What is the difference between a chemical reaction and a chemical equation? Get solution

36. Sodium forms an ionic compound with sulfur.(a) Give the chemical formula of the compound.(b) Name the compound.(c) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. Get solution

37. Aluminum cans react with oxygen to form aluminum oxide. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Get solution

38. The following reaction represents the combustion of a hydrocarbon (octane):C8H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2OBalance the equation. Get solution

39. Iron rust forms when iron reacts with oxygen to form iron(III) oxide. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Get solution

40. Excess carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere of a spacecraft by lithium hydroxide. The products are lithium carbonate and water. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Get solution

41. Aluminum sulfate reacts with calcium hydroxide to form a gelatinous compound, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium sulfate. Suspended solids in water-supply systems are removed by the aluminum hydroxide and settle to the bottom. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. Get solution

42. Balance the following equations.(a) P + O2 → P4O10(b) Al + O2 → Al2O3(c) SO2 + O2 → SO3(d) NH3 → N2 + H2(e) H2O2 → H2O + O2(f) NH4NO3 → N2O + H2O(g) Zn + H3PO4 → Zn3 (PO4)2 + H2(h) Al + H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + H2(i) NaNO3 + H2SO4 →(j) FeCl3 + H3PO4 → Get solution

43. Multiple ChoiceA. When silicon reacts with chlorine, the compound is(a) SiCl.(b) SiCl2.(c) SiCl3.(d) SiCl4.B. The formula for lead(II) sulfide is(a) PbS.(b) PbS2.(c) Pb2S.(d) Pb4S.C. The name of the compound CuSo4 is(a) copper sulfate.(b) cuprous sulfate.(c) copper(I) sulfate.(d) copper(II) sulfate.D. A mole of sodium chloride contains(a) 6.02 × 1023 ions.(b) 6.02 × 1023 molecules.(c) 1.20 × 1024 ions.(d) 1.20 × 1024 chloride ions.E. The numbers needed to balance the equation Al + F2 → AlF3 are(a) 1, 3, 2.(b) 2, 1, 2.(c) 4, 3, 2.(d) 2, 3, 2.F. The term “mole” refers to(a) the number of particles in an atom of an element.(b) the number 6.02 × 1023.(c) the number of atoms in a molecule.(d) the number of electrons in an atom of carbon.G. One mole of H2O molecules contains(a) 3.01 × 1023 molecules.(b) 6.02 × 1023 atoms.(c) 6.02 × 1023 hydrogen atoms.(d) 1.80 × 1024 atoms.H. An empirical formula indicates(a) the relative number of atoms in a molecule.(b) the three-dimensional structure of a molecule.(c) the molar mass of a molecule.(d) how atoms are bonded to one another in a moleculeI. The molecular formula for a gas that has an empirical formula CH and a molecular weight of 78 is(a) C5H2O.(b) C6H6.(c) C3H3.(d) C9H9.J. The name of the compound Mg3N2 is(a) manganese nitride.(b) magnesium nitride.(c) magnesium nitrite.(d) magnesium nitrate. Get solution