Chapter #9 Solutions - Physical Science with Modern Applications - Melvin Merken - 5th Edition

 

1. Discuss (a) some ways in which sound waves resemble light waves; (b) some ways in which they differ. Get solution

2. Why are sound waves described as longitudinal? Get solution

3. What evidence can you give that sound is a form of energy? Get solution

4. What evidence is there that light is a form of wave motion? Get solution

5. When you are watching a distant batter, why does the crack of the bat striking the ball seem to occur moments after the event? Get solution

6. There may be a problem for the marchers in a long column to keep in step with a band up front. Explain. Get solution

7. Six seconds after a lightning flash was seen, thunder was heard. How many feet away was the lightning if the temperature was 30.0°C? Get solution

8. An echo returns from a building in 0.500 second. How many feet away is the building? (Assume the temperature of the air to be 20.0°C.) Get solution

9. Assuming that your range of hearing is from 16 Hz to 20,000 Hz, what are the corresponding wavelengths in feet (a) in air at 20.0°C? (b) in water at 20.0°C? Get solution

10. Dolphins emit very short sound waves with a frequency of 2 × 105 Hz. What is their wavelength in meters in water? (Consider the velocity of sound in seawater to be 1520 m/s.) Get solution

11. An ocean wave with a wavelength of 100 meters has a speed of 16.3 m/s. How many waves would pass a given point in 1.00 second? Get solution

12. Waves with a wavelength of 3.00 centimeters are generated in a ripple tank when the frequency is set for 10 Hz. What is the speed of propagation? Get solution

13. A particular wavelength of orange light is 6.06 × 10−5 cm. (a) What is its frequency? (b) What is its period? Get solution

14. A broadcasting station transmits radio waves at a frequency of 106 Hz. What is their wavelength? Get solution

15. Arrange the following in order of their decreasing frequency: (a) gamma rays; (b) orange light; (c) radio waves; (d) infrared rays. Get solution

16. Distinguish between reflection and refraction. Get solution

17. Waves traveling in air at 3.00 × 108 m/s enter a medium in which their velocity is reduced to 2.00 × 108 m/s. If the waves strike the interface at an angle of incidence of 35.0°, in which direction will they move in the second medium? Get solution

18. A tone with a frequency of 512 Hz is sounded at the same time as a 520-Hz tone. How many beats per second are produced? Get solution

19. Explain why sound travels well on a quiet night in summer. Get solution

20. Why is a long reverberation time undesirable in a concert hall? Get solution

21. Assume that you are in a moving car. Apply the Doppler effect to an ambulance siren approaching you from the opposite direction and passing you. Get solution

22. An air column closed at one end resonates with a tuning fork that has a frequency of 128 Hz. What is the length of the air column? Get solution

23. Two pipes, one open at both ends and the other closed at one end, are 0.500 meter in length. What is the fundamental frequency of each? (The velocity of sound is 340 m/s.) Get solution

24. What length of open organ pipe would give a frequency of 440 Hz at 20.0°C? Get solution

25. Are the long pipes or short pipes of an organ the high-frequency pipes? Explain. Get solution

26. Explain how a wire of a given length is capable of emitting notes of different frequencies. Get solution

27. What is “stationary” about standing waves on vibrating strings? Get solution

28. Use diagrams to show the fundamental and first two overtones of (a) a vibrating string; (b) a vibrating air column in a tube closed at one end. Get solution

29. Assuming that the frequency of the fundamental wave in Exercise 9−28 is 100 Hz, what are tire frequencies of the overtones in each case? Get solution

30. A string 2.00 meters long is fixed at both ends. What are the three longest wavelengths of standing waves established in the string? (Assume the velocity of sound to be 340 m/s.) Get solution

31. What conditions must be satisfied for resonance to occur between two mechanical systems? Get solution

32. What are some possible wavelengths of standing waves in a cord stretched between two supports 50.0 centimeters apart? Get solution

33. Determine the fifth overtone of middle A (440 Hz) on a piano. Get solution

34. The frequency of a tuning fork is 256 Hz. What is the frequency of a tuning fork one octave higher Get solution

35. Why does a recording of one’s own voice often seem surprising when heard for the first time? Get solution

36. What is considered musical in one country may be considered noise in another. Discuss. Get solution

37. Why do identical notes emitted by a trumpet and a trombone sound different? Get solution

38. A quieter environment will not come cheaply. Discuss whether you would be willing to pay your share toward it in the form of higher prices for goods and services. Get solution

39. Discuss whether, in your opinion, the quality of life in terms of noise pollution has improved during the past five years. Get solution

40. Multiple ChoiceA. A wave transmits(a) matter.(b) momentum.(c) energy.(d) velocity.B. The distance from crest to crest of a wave is called its(a) frequency.(b) wavelength.(c) amplitude.(d) velocity.C. A sound wave is(a) longitudinal.(b) transverse.(c) resonant.(d) harmonious.D. The bending of a wave around a barrier is called(a) reflection.(b) refraction.(c) interference.(d) diffraction.E. The frequency of a sound wave is related to its(a) pitch.(b) amplitude.(c) quality.(d) loudness.F. The difference between a transverse and a longitudinal wave is(a) a longitudinal wave carries more energy.(b) the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of travel in a transverse wave and parallel in a longitudinal wave.(c) the reverse of (b).(d) a transverse wave has greater amplitude.G. A vibrating object completes one cycle in 0.500 s. Its frequency is(a) 0.500 Hz.(b) 2.00 Hz.(c) 1.50 Hz.(d) 5.00 Hz.H. The amplitude of a sound corresponds to(a) pitch.(b) quality.(c) loudness.(d) frequency.I. The lowest note that a given string can produce is called(a) an overtone.(b) the fundamental.(c) an octave.(d) the pitch.J. A tone with a frequency of 512 Hz is sounded at tlie same time as a 520-Hz tone. How many beats per second are produced?(a) 1032(b) 512(c) 520(d) 8 Get solution